Solar Panels : he main part of a solar electric system is the solar panel. There are various types of solar panel available in the market. Solar panels are also known as photovoltaic solar panels. Solar panel or solar module is basically an array of series and parallel connected solar cells. The potential difference developed across a solar cell is about 0.5 volt and hence desired number of such cells to be connected in series to achieve 14 to 18 volts to charge a standard battery of 12 volts.

Batteries : In grid-tie solar generation system, the solar modules are directly connected to inverter not with load. The power collected from solar panel not in constant rate rather it varies with intensity of sunlight. This is the reason why solar modules or panels do not feed any electrical equipment directly instead they feed an inverter whose output is synchronized with external grid supply. Inverter takes care of the voltage level and frequency of the output power from the solar system it always maintains it with that of grid power level. As we get power from both solar panels and external grid power supply system, the voltage level and quality of power remain constant. As the stand-alone or grid fallback system is not connected with grid any variation of power level in the system can directly affects the performance of the electrical equipment fed from it.

Controller : This is not desirable to overcharge and under discharge a lead acid battery. Both overcharging and under discharging can badly damage the battery system. To avoid these both situations a controller is required to attach with the system to maintain flow of current to and fro the batteries.

Inverter : It is obvious that the electricity produced in a solar panel is DC. Electricity we get from the grid supply is AC. So for running common equipment from grid as well as solar system, it is required to install an inverter to convert DC of solar system to AC of same level as grid supply. In off grid system the inverter is directly connected across the battery terminals so that DC coming from the batteries is first converted to AC then fed to the equipment. In grid tie system the solar panel is directly connected to inverter and this inverter then feeds the grid with same voltage and frequency power.

Components of Stand Alone Solar System : As with any big financial decision, installing solar panels involves a lot of paperwork. Luckily, most of this paperwork is dealt with by us – regardless, it’s always a good idea to know what’s going on behind the scenes of your solar installation. The documents that will be required from your side will be: 2 Passport size photos, Aadhar card copy, Light bill copy, House tax reciept copy, Phone number, Email id(if any).

Components of Grid Tie Solar System : Grid tie solar systems are of two types one with single macro central inverter and other with multiple micro inverters. In the former type of solar system, the solar panels as well as grid supply are connected to a common central inverter called grid tie inverter as shown below.The inverter here converts the DC of the solar panel to grid level AC and then feeds to the grid as well as the consumer’s distribution panel depending upon the instantaneous demand of the systems.

Offgrid solar system : An off-grid solar system is more popular and comes with a power backup. It works independent of the grid. Most home appliances such as TV, cooler, AC, pump etc. can work through this system. For instance, a 1 kW off grid solar system is sufficient for a 2-4 BHK house. But if you also want to run 1 W pump in your home you could use a 3 kW solar system. If you are planning to run an AC then you should use a 5 kW system.

Solar Water Pumping System The photovoltaic array converts the solar energy into electricity, which is used for running the motor pump set. The pumping system draws water from the open well, bore well, stream, pond, canal etc. The system requires a shadow-free area for installation of the Solar panel.

Hybrid solar system : Hybrid solar systems generate power in the same way as a common grid-tie solar system but use special hybrid inverters and batteries to store energy for later use. This ability to store energy enables most hybrid systems to also operate as a backup power supply during a blackout, similar to a UPS system.Here grid-tie inverter also monitors the power being supplied from the grid. If it finds any power cut in the grid, it actuates switching system of the solar system to disconnect it from the grid to ensure no solar electricity can be fed back to the grid during power cut.

Components Of Solar System :

• Solar Panels

• Solar Array Mounting Racks

• Array DC Disconnect

• Inverter

• Battery Pack

• Power Meter, Utility Meter, Kilowatt Meter

• Backup Generator

• Backup Generator